Focus on the basic concepts of LED lamps and LED light sources (Figure)

Lighting fixtures are an indispensable appliance in people's daily life. Their function is to provide artificial lighting to meet the lighting needs of various places. The traditional definition is: including all the zeros needed to fix and protect the light source except the light source. A component, and a line accessory necessary for connection to a power source, and a light source is an object that is itself emitting light and is capable of continuously emitting light.

As a new type of light source, LED has a wide range of applications in various fields, and the development of standards for evaluating the performance of LED lighting products has become the focus of the current lighting electrical industry. The variety of LED products includes LED packages, LED arrays, LED modules, LED lights, etc. The combination of them and lamps is different. There are different types of maintenance, such as standard lamp head, built-in type, independent type and integral type. Such as light source replaceable and non-replaceable, maintainable and non-maintainable. In addition, for the dazzling LED product design, the traditional way of distinguishing is difficult to define. Especially in the definition of LED lamps and "LED lights", some vague and even wrong concepts have caused confusion in the industry, which will have an adverse impact on the development of LED lighting industry, standard setting and testing.

In June 2010, IECTC34 held an LED seminar in Helsinki, Finland. At the meeting, the topic of LED lamps and LED lights became the focus of the meeting experts. This paper mainly introduces the latest standard information pairs in foreign countries. The concept of "lighting" and "light" Analyze and discuss the definition of "lights" and "LED lights". 1 Definitions related to the definition of LED arrays, LED modules or LED lights, are light sources.

1.1.1 lamp: A light source made to produce optical radiation (usually visible).

Note: This term is also sometimes used for certain types of illuminators.

Light Emitting Diode (LED): A pupil emitted by a P-N junction semiconductor device that emits incoherent light when forward biased may be in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelength region.

LED die: A small piece of luminescent semiconductor material that is mounted on a given functional LED line.

LED array or module: An assembly of LED packages (components) or wafers on a printed circuit board or substrate, possibly with optical components, additional thermal, mechanical, and electrical interfaces intended to be connected to the load side of the LED driver. The unit does not contain a power supply and the standard lamp head cannot be directly connected to the branch circuit. As shown in 圄1.

1.1.5 LED package: A component of one or more LED wafers including wire bonds or other types of electrical connectors, possibly with optical components, thermal, mechanical, and electrical interfaces. The unit does not include a power supply and a standard base and cannot be directly connected to the branch circuit. As shown.

LED driver: A device containing a power supply and LED control circuitry for operating an LED package (component) or LED array (module) or LED lamp.

Non-integral LED parts) and standard lamp head components. The device is connected to the LED driver of the luminaire via a standard lamp holder. The device cannot be directly connected to the branch circuit. As shown.

Integral LED standard base and other integral combination of luminosity, thermal, mechanical and electrical components. The device is directly connected to the branch circuit by a standardized lamp holder when in use. As shown.

LEDlightEngine: LED lampEngine (component) or LED array (module), LED driver and other integral components of luminosity, thermal, mechanical and electrical components. The device is directly connected via a conventional connector that matches the LED luminaire. To the branch circuit, the LED luminaire is designed not to use a standard lamp holder.

12 Definition of luminaires and LED luminaires 1.2.1 An appliance for luminaires and includes all components necessary to support, secure and protect the lamps (but not the lamps themselves), as well as the necessary circuit aids and means for connecting them to the power source "The definition is also accompanied by a note." An illuminator with an integral non-replaceable light source is considered a luminaire, but the monolithic source and integral self-ballasted lamp are not tested.

The naming and definition of luminaire-16-05 lighting engineering "LED luminaire" is defined as: "including LED-based illuminating elements and matched drivers, light distribution components, components that secure and protect illuminating components, and Connect the appliance to the lighting fixture of the branch circuit component." Possible forms of "LED-based lighting elements" are LED packages (components), LED arrays (modules), LED light engines or LED lights. LED luminaires are directly connected to the branch circuit when in use. Examples of LED luminaires are shown in 圄 5. The luminaires (hybridLEDluminaire) are defined as "lights with LED-based illuminating elements and other types of light sources such as incandescent or fluorescent lamps" "How to define LED luminaires" and LED light sources.

The structure of the luminaire is given in the definition of GB7000.1-2007. The components in the luminaire with the light from the control lamp, the parts that provide the mechanical support of the lamp, the lighting circuit and the power connection components and the components of the protection lamp are also controlled in the specific luminaire. Auxiliary devices such as light components (reflectors, light-transmissive prisms or flat glass, gratings, etc.), lamp holders for supporting lamps, lamp control devices, capacitors, actuators, and their circuits, to fix the mechanical structure of these components or The device, the power connection, and the external protection measures necessary to protect the lamp.

22 When the non-replaceable lamp or LED lamp is used, the structural feature is that the illuminating device of the luminaire will not be changed. In this case, the “Note” in the luminaire definition in GB7000.1-2007 emphasizes “using the whole An illuminator with a non-replaceable light source is considered a luminaire, but the monolithic source and integral self-ballasted lamp are not tested."

2.3 The traditional light source has a distinctive feature with a standard lamp head, and the LED light source has various forms. For the identification, the definition of the LED lamp in ANSI/IESNARP-16-05 clearly gives the light in the LED lamp 2.4ANSI/IESNARP-16- 05 defines the key point of the difference between LED lamps and LED lamps, that is, the LED lamps are directly connected to the branch circuit when they are used; and the LED light source is not directly connected to the branch circuit, wherein: the connection is connected; the head cannot be directly connected with the branch circuit; the integral LED The lamp needs to pass through the standard lamp holder, and the non-integrated LED lamp needs to pass through the lamp holder in the lamp to be connected to the branch circuit.

2.5 In the related terms of LED, the difference between LED driver, LED control circuit and LED power supply is also clarified: the driver refers to the device containing the LED control circuit and the LED power supply; the transformer that provides the required current, voltage and power within the limit value , power (modulation), battery or other device; section output voltage, current or duty cycle to convert or otherwise control the electronic components of the amount and characteristics of the electrical energy supplied to the LED package (component) or LED array (module).

According to these concepts, the LED power supply and the LED control circuit required for LED operation can be separated and independently existed, or combined. When the LED power supply and the LED control circuit are combined, it is the LED driver.

2.6 Both integral and non-integrated LED lamps have standard lamp heads and have similar form factors. The key to their difference is whether or not they have LED drivers. The integrated LED lamp is an LED module or array with an LED driver that can be connected to the branch circuit through a standardized lamp holder. The integral LED lamp can replace the incandescent lamp or CFL lamp for general lighting; the non-integrated LED lamp does not have The LED module or array of the LED driver needs to be connected to the branch circuit through the lamp cap in the luminaire. The luminaire should contain the LED driver required for the operation of the non-integrated LED lamp. The non-integral LED lamp cannot directly replace the incandescent lamp or the CFL lamp.

2.7 LED light engine is a device between LED lamps and LED lights. It differs from LED lamps in that it does not contain standard lamp caps, but has a connector that matches the lamp; the difference with LED lamps is that it cannot The branch circuit is directly connected, and the same point as the LED luminaire is that it can have a set light distribution function, such as a certain road luminaire. The LED light engine makes it possible to maintain the use of LED luminaires without standard lamp head LED sources.

3 situations that are easily mistaken as light sources 3.1 Some types of lamps are customarily called "lights"

From the definition of lamps and lights, you can know, in general, "lights"

It refers to the various types of lamps of the light source are named after the physical principle of illumination, such as incandescent lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, fluorescent lamps, ultraviolet lamps, electroluminescent lamps, tungsten halogen lamps, etc., the naming and classification of lamps and The location of the application and the luminaires that are used regardless of the luminaires are luminaires, which include the accessories and circuits required to illuminate the light source, the optical components that redistribute the light from the source to meet the application requirements, and the installation of the luminaire, Fixing and adjusting the assembly of required parts, the classification and naming of the luminaires are related to the installation method or the place or purpose of the design, such as fixed ceiling lamps, portable table lamps, portable floor lamps, road lighting lamps, Tunnel lighting, courtyard lighting, floodlights and emergency lighting.

The term "light" is sometimes used in certain types of illuminators as described in the definition of "lights" in 1.1. Perhaps because of customary reasons, many people refer to "road lighting fixtures" but here "Street lights" and "ceiling lights" do not refer to light sources, but to road lighting fixtures and ceiling mounted lights.

3.2 Light source irreplaceable lighting fixture belongs to the definition of "lighting fixture". It can be known from the definition of "lighting fixture" that the "lighting fixture" mentioned in the lighting electrical standard does not involve the type of light source, that is to say, in the evaluation of the lighting fixture and the inspection carried out thereof, only the provision is provided. The relevant components or environment in which the light source is working properly are evaluated without evaluating or verifying the light source itself.

Because it is a durable consumer product, the design life of the luminaire is much longer than that of the light source, so the light source inside the luminaire is usually a replaceable part, but as the life of the light source is gradually extended, the way the light source is fixed, and the durability of the luminaire is reduced. Some luminaires are designed to be non-replaceable, meaning that once the source is damaged, the luminaire is discarded.

Definition of "luminaire" according to lighting electrical terminology standards and luminaire standards. Such non-replaceable lighting fixtures are still lamps.

Lamps that are not replaceable by the light source, except for the irreplaceable light source, the photometric design of the application requirements, the circuits and accessories needed to illuminate the lamps, and the fixtures for fixing the lamps, etc., are different from the alternative lamps of the light source. The lamp holder may not be used in a lamp in which the light source is not replaceable, and the mechanical fixing and electrical connection of the light source are respectively formed by the mechanical fixing device and the light source connector.

Before LEDs are used in lighting, there have been examples of luminaires that use non-replaceable light sources. The typical light sources in nightlights such as power outlets are either replaceable or non-replaceable, but they all belong to the luminaire evaluation night. The safety standard for lamp luminaires is “GB7000. 212-2008 luminaires Part 2-12: Night lights for special requirements power outlets”.

4 Conclusion With the advent of high-power, ultra-high-brightness LEDs, LED applications have been greatly expanded, and now have a wide range of applications in entertainment, urban building beautification, landscape lighting, etc., and are moving towards indoor lighting applications. Direction development. To clarify the concept and definition of LED lamps and LED lights, for the designers of lamps and lamps, it is helpful for them to identify the design input, so that the products meet the corresponding requirements, and the lighting standardization workers correctly define the product standards. The scope of application and the basis for the corresponding technical requirements are also the basic guarantee for the correct application of standards by the inspection agency.

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