Plant-themed landscape lighting design should help people define their position in space and time; lighting should be an integral part of landscape design. When choosing its form, color and materials, lighting should support the intent of landscape design and express the basic form of lighting. It should be original.
Common ornamental plants can be divided into ornamental ferns, ornamental pines, ornamental trees, ornamental trees, ornamental grasses, fruit plants, foliage plants, ornamental palms and bamboos.
In the design of plant lighting, the choice of different lighting sources and lighting fixtures will have very different effects. Plant lighting should not only highlight the lighting effects of its plants, but also consider its safety, economy and applicability. So what kind of lighting source and lighting should we choose?
Illumination source
Landscape lighting sources include gas discharge lamps, incandescent lamps and special light sources. In the general shrubs, trees, lawns, plant lighting, the color rendering index of the light source is selected to be >65, and for the illumination of flowers or special plants, the light source is selected. The color rendering index Ra>80.
* Incandescent lamps: PAR lamps that mainly use pressure-sealed glass. PAR lamps have long been used in landscape plant lighting because of their small size, good light distribution characteristics, high luminous efficiency, and simple lamp structure.
* Gas discharge lamp: There are metal halide lamps, sodium lamps, and compact fluorescent lamps. Metal halide lamps and sodium lamps have been widely used due to their continuous improvement in color rendering index and high light source efficiency.
*Special light source: refers to an LED lamp composed of a high-power semiconductor light-emitting device and a fiber-optic lamp composed of an optical fiber-powered light source. LED lights and fiber optic lighting are mainly used for decoration and some special visual effects due to their own characteristics.
Lighting fixture
The types of landscape lighting are divided into floodlights , spotlights, buried lights, high-beam floodlights, etc. The reasonable selection of light sources and lamps plays an important role in the effect of plant lighting, as well as lighting energy saving and lighting safety. is crucial.
* Floodlight: equipped with metal halide lamp and sodium lamp source for lighting of tall trees, large shrubs and lawns.
* Spotlight: equipped with PAR lamp and compact fluorescent light source for single planting, flowering and other lighting.
* Buried lights: equipped with compact fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps, PAR light sources for lighting large branches and large shrubs.
*High-beam floodlights: equipped with metal halide lamps and sodium light sources, which produce a top-down light effect on some plants.
* Luminaires made of LED and fiber are generally used for decorative lighting and small close-range spotlights.
For lighting safety reasons, lighting fixtures must be protected against electric shock, enclosure protection and heat resistance.
1) The luminaire shall be a Class I luminaire with a metal casing grounding continuity or a Class II luminaire with a plastic casing.
2) Landscape lamps shall not use products that are protected against electric shock, and only Class I, Class II and Class III lamps may be used.
3) Under normal or abnormal working conditions, the luminaire will not cause overheating of the equipment casing and cause personal injury or become an unsafe factor in the environment.
4) The electrical fittings in the buried lamp should be selected according to the material, volume and installation environment of the lamp housing.
5) The heat resistance level of the electrical fittings in the luminaire must meet the requirements of the use environment.
6) Non-integrated lamps in open air The electrical resistance of electrical components in electrical boxes must meet the requirements of the corresponding working environment.
7) In the integrated lighting of open air work, the heat resistance level of electrical accessories (ballasts, triggers, capacitors, etc.) in the electrical cavity must meet the requirements of the corresponding working environment.
Lamp installation
The installation of the luminaire requires consideration of the relative position of the source to the position of the plant - in front, side, back or a combination of these locations, which will determine the shape, color, detail and texture of the plant. The forward light expresses the shape, emphasizing the detail and color, by adjusting the distance between the luminaire and the plant to weaken or strengthen the texture; the backlight only expresses the shape, which increases the layering by separating the plant from the background; the sidelight emphasizes the plant texture and forms a shadow , the different regions are linked by the geometric relationship of the shadows.
Performance technique
The importance of plants affects the way lighting is done. For plants in the focus position, the lighting device should be arranged around it to increase its brightness. The number of light sources depends on the size and shape of the trees, canopies, and of course the performance of the luminaire. When the function of a tree is a transitional element or a background element, the number of luminaires is less, creating a subtle, subordinate, but at the same time impressive effect.
There are five commonly used plant lighting performance techniques: projection lighting, grazing lighting, interior lighting, silhouette lighting, and falling lighting.
Projection illumination, in which the luminaire illuminates the plant vertically from a distance, provides uniform illumination of the plant's surface, which can be either bright or soft, for the purpose of overall composition.
Grazing illumination, placing the luminaire closer to the plant than the surface illumination, "tangentially" illuminating the plant, emphasizing the texture, selecting the luminaire with a narrow illuminating angle depending on the size and height of the plant, sometimes adding an optical prism to the luminaire Accessories such as glass form a "fan light" to make more use of light.
The inner transparent illumination, that is, the plant with more gaps between the branches and leaves, and the leaves are transparent, can place the lamp on the lower part of the branch near or close to the ground to create the effect of the branches and leaves.
Silhouette lighting, which is to place the lamp on the back of the plant, illuminate the wall behind the plant. The lighting is only the shape of the plant, without texture, color and detail. This method is suitable for plants with a very clear shape. The main or relatively major visual focus throughout the composition.
Falling shadow lighting, that is, lighting the trees from the side of the tree with the upper light, can create a shadow on the nearby vertical surface, adding to the wall fun.
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