Research and Application Analysis of Solar LED Street Light System

With the improvement of human life quality, the consumption of energy has also grown rapidly, the oil resources are facing depletion, and the ecological environment of the earth is deteriorating. The problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution has become an important issue facing the sustainable development of the economy, which has aroused widespread concern. 

According to relevant statistics, lighting accounts for about 20% of global energy consumption. China's annual electricity for lighting is more than 300 billion degrees, of which road lighting accounts for about 30% of total lighting. The effective use of natural energy is the focus of technology research. By effectively collecting and recycling solar energy, it can save nearly 1/3 of lighting power every year, equivalent to the annual power generation of the Three Gorges Project with a total investment of more than 200 billion yuan.

Some barren areas are still using non-renewable candles, wood and kerosene lamps and other biofuels to illuminate, effectively utilizing the characteristics of solar energy sources without pollution and never exhausting, combined with LED lighting, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, long life and easy control of light color. Through the application of solar LED street lamps to improve energy efficiency and ease the energy crisis, and promote the development of China's energy reuse technology, it is of great significance to improve lighting quality and adjust the social and economic structure.

1. Solar LED street lighting system

1.1 Solar LED street light scheme

Solar LED street lights are made up of solar cells (physically called photovoltaic photovoltaics, PV), wind turbines, storage batteries, controllers, inverters, LED street lights, mounting brackets and lights The components such as poles are divided into wind-solar complementary, commercial complementary and independent types according to the structural combination.

Constrained by factors such as distribution density, illumination time, continuous cloudy weather and snow and rain weather, the PV or battery capacity is usually accurately calculated, and the complementary lighting or power supply is used to ensure the lighting requirements of the project.

Shenzhen Spike Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. has accumulated years of experience in the project and developed independent solar LED street lights as shown in Figure 1. The products are not affected by geographical restrictions and power installation conditions, and there is no need to excavate the road surface for wiring and pipe construction. It can be adjusted according to the geographical conditions. The battery and controller are installed in the box and fixed on the pole. The controller can also be installed in the inspection port at the bottom of the pole and buried in the battery.

Figure 1 independent solar LED street light

1.2 Product Standard

Checking the current standards in China, the safety of solar LED street lamps should meet the requirements of GB 24460-2009 "General Technical Specifications for Solar Photovoltaic Lighting Devices". The overall structure has sufficient strength to withstand 10 wind load tests. The protection level is not less than IP54, 4m or more. The height of the pole should have good lightning protection and grounding protection measures. The grounding resistance should be less than 30 Ω. The insulation resistance between the charged body and the metal parts should be greater than 2 MΩ. The cabinet should be designed to be opened with special tools.

When designing or determining the product, the components shall meet the requirements of the corresponding national standards. When there is no corresponding national standard, it shall be implemented in accordance with IEC standards, industry standards, alliance standards or enterprise standards to ensure that the safety and performance of the products meet the standard requirements.

PV should meet the requirements of GB/T 9535-2006 "Design and Identification of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules for Surfaces". Fixed-type valve-regulated lead-acid batteries should meet the corresponding requirements of GB/T 19638 series standards, general-purpose valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. Should comply with the corresponding requirements of GB/T 19639 series standards, controllers and inverters should meet the requirements of GB/T 26849-2011 "Performance Requirements for Electronic Control Devices for Solar Photovoltaic Lighting", LED street lamps should meet the requirements of GB 7000.1 and GB 7000.5 Parts such as poles and mounting brackets shall comply with the requirements of Article 6.5 of the GB 24460-2009 standard.

1.3 Solar cells

PV is a kind of optoelectronic semiconductor component that converts light energy into electric energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect, and can output voltage and generate current when there is a certain light, and has certain anti-corrosion, rainproof and anti-icing And wind resistance.

According to the crystal state, PV can be divided into two types: crystalline thin film type and amorphous thin film type. The former is divided into single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon. The conversion efficiency of industrialized N type single crystal PV is about 21%-24%, P type. The conversion efficiency of single crystal PV is about 18.7% - 19.2%, and the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline PV is about 17% - 17.5%. The newly developed ultra-efficient silicon PV of the University of Delaware uses a new type of lateral optics. The focusing system increases the conversion efficiency to 42.8 %, which is about 1 times higher than the P-type single crystal PV.

PV open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum output power, fill factor and conversion efficiency are the benchmarks for measuring performance. To prevent the hot spot effect of the shielded PV in the series, a bypass is connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes. The diode prevents the energy generated by the light-receiving component from being consumed by the shielded PV.

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