Solar heating is the most promising solar thermal technology

According to the building thermal engineering design division, the land area of China's 2/3 or more land is cold and cold. In order to ensure the basic conditions for survival, the building must be heated. With the improvement of living standards and the improvement of the living environment, the requirements for heating in hot summer and cold winter areas have been continuously improved. The vast majority of families in towns and cities have installed air-conditioning to solve the problem of winter heating. At present, China’s urban buildings consume 130 million tons of standard coal per year of heating energy, equivalent to about 10% of China’s 2004 coal production. Compared with solar water heating alone, solar energy heating provides greater savings. Therefore, solar heating heating is another solar thermal utilization technology that needs to be applied and promoted in buildings after solar hot water supply.

Application status of solar heating

Compared with pure solar hot water supply, China's solar heating, heating technology and engineering applications that have both winter heating are at a low level. Due to the complexity of active solar heating systems and the large number of equipment, initial investment and frequent maintenance costs are lower than passive solar energy. Heating is high. China is a developing country and its economic development is relatively backward. Starting from the national conditions, the policy adopted in the past was to prioritize the development of passive solar heating.

The first passive solar heating house in China was built in Minqin County, Gansu Province in 1977. After more than 20 years of scientific and technological workers’ efforts, it passed the national “6th Five-Year”, “Seven Five”, and “Eighth Five Year” scientific and technological research projects. Based on the introduction, digestion, and absorption of solar building technology in the world, China has formed a complete set of passive solar heating technology with Chinese characteristics, including theory, design, construction, testing and evaluation methods, and built several million square meters ( Passive heating solar house in building area). The representative demonstration projects during the “10th Five-Year Plan” period are the 29 passive solar heating township hospitals completed by the World Bank loan, the Global Environment Facility grant, and the Hygiene VIII support project in China’s basic health service projects, respectively located in Gansu. Qinghai and Shanxi provinces.

Constrained by the economic level, active solar heating systems have been developing slowly in China. The application of solar heating and heating engineering is still in its infancy. At present, a number of single building solar heating heating pilot projects have been completed, such as Beijing Tsinghua Solar Energy Development Co., Ltd. and Beijing Sangpu company's office building, Beijing Pinggu County new rural construction project generals, glass and other rural villages. Farmers' homes, Lhasa railway stations, etc.; however, there is no practical application for solar district heating and heating (district heating station) projects. The promotion barrier of this kind of solar heating system is not the heat collection and heating technology itself, but the high investment cost and the excess of hot water in spring, summer and autumn. It needs to use seasonal energy storage technology and comprehensive utilization throughout the year, and the ground source heat pump. Biomass energy and other renewable energy sources complement each other.

The "Renewable Energy Building Application Demonstration and Extension Project" initiated by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Construction in May 2006 included more solar heating and heating projects. Of the 212 projects declared to be passed in 2006~2007, solar energy + The heat pump integrated project accounts for 25% of the total. After the project is completed, it will greatly promote the development and improvement of China's solar heating heating technology.

Solar heating heating technical specifications and standards

In order to meet the requirements of building energy conservation, the “National Civil Engineering Design and Technology Measures - Energy Saving Special Paper” prepared by the Department of Engineering Quality Safety Supervision and Industry Development of the Ministry of Construction has included a chapter (nineth) in the HVAC Power Module. Chapter: Solar heating systems) specifies the design principles for solar heating systems and gives corresponding design parameters and design methods.

In order to improve the engineering design and construction level of solar energy heating and heating systems in China, the Ministry of Construction included the national standard “Technical Specifications for Solar Heating Heating Projects” in the project establishment plan in 2006 for the formulation and revision of the project construction standard specification. The chief editor of the standard is the Chinese Academy of Building Research. The draft of the current standard has passed the review by experts and is expected to complete the submission of the standard approval report in 2008.

Solar heating heating technology development strategy

During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's solar heating heating technology and engineering applications will have a relatively rapid development, especially after the completion of the "Renewable Energy Building Application Demonstration Project" of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Construction. A summary of the practical experience of the project. Therefore, the work in recent years should be replayed to create conditions for the implementation of solar heating heating technology promotion and related policies in the future. On the one hand, it actively carries out demonstration projects for engineering applications. On the other hand, it can select areas where there are a lot of engineering applications and formulate localized policies for the promotion of solar thermal heating technologies.

Solar heating heating is the most promising solar thermal utilization technology after solar hot water, and it is a technology that should be vigorously promoted in the future. The areas with the most abundant solar energy resources in China (the first and second districts of solar energy resource divisions) are all remote areas where the climate is cold and conventional energy sources are relatively lacking, such as Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, which have both actual heating needs and There are sufficient resource conditions for the application of solar energy heating heating conditions in the most superior areas. However, most of these areas are relatively poor and lack the economic support capabilities for engineering demonstration. Therefore, the state should introduce corresponding preferential policies to give priority to supporting demonstration projects of solar heating in these regions. Based on this, it summarizes experiences, conducts feasibility analysis, and takes the lead in promoting solar heating technology after conditions are ripe. Local policies and regulations gradually transition to the whole country.

Efforts must be made to increase the solar energy guarantee rate of solar heating and heating systems so that comprehensive utilization can be achieved throughout the year; new technologies for short-term and seasonal energy storage should be researched and developed. In the cold, cool summer regions of northern China, spring, summer and autumn will be stored. Solar thermal energy is used for heating in winter to improve the energy efficiency of solar heating and heating systems. This is an important development direction for solar energy heating and heating technology.

The technological level of comprehensive utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy in buildings should be improved, including the optimization of design, intelligent control, and energy storage technologies, and the respective advantages of different energy types should be brought into play to achieve multi-energy. Complementary; the development of solar heating, heating and comprehensive use of "green building" assessment technology, the establishment of solar heating, heating comprehensive utilization of "green building" performance evaluation system, building energy efficiency labeling certification, so as to ensure the continued healthy development of the market.

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