Solar trap light photovoltaic power generation system

1, the overall structure and design concept based on the basic principle of solar light trap the basic structure and the system performance, the core content of this study is to design a solar photovoltaic power generation system light trap (including power generation system capacity Based , charge and discharge control design, inverter circuit design, light control circuit design, boost circuit design, etc.). The design flow of a typical photovoltaic power system is shown in Figure 2.3. The general design principle of photovoltaic power generation system is to determine the minimum solar cell module and battery capacity on the premise of meeting the load power requirements to minimize investment, that is, consider reliability and economy at the same time. The trap lamp is entirely based on the power converted by the solar cell module, so when designing, the design of the solar power system is the main point of the design. When designing a solar photovoltaic power generation system, we must consider the following two factors:
First, design-related parameters such as load power, continuous rainy days, etc.;
Second, the selection and design of the main external devices or circuits, such as the size of the battery, the power of the solar cell module, the design of the charge and discharge control circuit, the design of the inverter circuit, and the design of the boost circuit.

2. Design ideas of various functional parts
(1) Determination of design-related parameters
1.1. Longitude and latitude of solar traps.
We must first understand the location of the solar trap lights. We can understand and master the local meteorological resources through geographical locations, such as the annual average solar radiation, the temperature, and the size of the wind. Based on these data, we can determine the local solar standard peak hours (h) and the azimuth and tilt angle of the solar module.
1.2. Power of the load In the entire power generation system, the load mainly consists of a boost network and an insect trap lamp. The size of the load power directly affects the parameters of the entire system.
1.3. The time for solar energy trap lamp to work every night (H).
The size of the components in the photovoltaic power generation system can be determined by the working time of the load, which is an extremely important parameter. By determining the operating time, the match or relationship between the power consumption per day of the load and the charging current of the solar cell module can be preliminarily determined.
1.4. The number of days of continuous cloudy rain that solar trap lights need to maintain (d).
The size of the battery capacity and the solar module power required to recover the battery capacity after the rainy days are determined by this parameter.
1.5. Determine the number of days (D) between two consecutive rainy days.
The time between successive rainy days determines the power of the battery modules required for the system to fully charge the battery before the next consecutive rainy day after a continuous rainy day.
(2) Main external device selection and control, inverter, boost circuit design ideas
2.1. Selection of solar cell modules When considering the selection of a battery module, the type of the selected battery module, the operating voltage, and the maximum output power should be taken into account in consideration of the system capacity.
a) Type solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy "There are three types of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon solar cells. The performance parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are relatively stable, with more rainy days in the south, and the sunlight is not sufficient. Therefore, this type is more suitable.Polycrystalline silicon solar cell production process is relatively simple, the price is lower than the single crystal silicon, the eastern and western regions are sunny, less rain, this type is suitable for use.Amorphous silicon solar cells are suitable for solar lighting conditions Relatively low environment.
b) Operating voltage The operating voltage of the solar cell module is approximately 1.5 times the operating voltage of the battery in order to guarantee normal charging of the battery. For example, charging a 6V battery requires an 8-9V solar module; charging a 12V battery requires a 15-18V solar battery; charging a 24V battery requires a 33-36V solar battery.
c) maximum output power maximum output power, also known as the best output power is the maximum output power of the solar cell module under test or normal operating conditions, i.e. the peak current and a peak voltage of the product: Pm = 1mxUm, peak power unit For watts. The peak power of solar cells depends on the solar irradiance, the solar spectrum distribution, and the temperature of the components.
2.2, Battery Selection The battery stores the electricity sent by the solar panel during the day and releases it at night or when the illumination is low for use by the load. When selecting a storage battery of the energy storage device of the trap lamp system, the type, capacity and connection mode of the storage battery are selected and designed.
a) Type selection Lead-acid (CS) battery: suitable for low-temperature high-rate discharge, low energy ratio, is currently used more than one type of battery. Its advantages are: low price, sealing and maintenance-free, but lead-acid pollution. With the development of battery technology and other types, this type of battery will be phased out.
Nickel-Fusion (Ni-Cd) battery: This type of battery has a high discharge rate, good low-temperature performance, and long cycle life. It is suitable for small-sized electric energy storage systems. However, when used, care must be taken to prevent pot pollution.
Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-Il) battery: This type of battery can also be discharged at high rate, with good low-temperature performance, low price, and almost no pollution. It is a kind of green battery that is suitable for small-scale systems, that is, it has limited capacity.
Currently widely used ordinary lead-acid batteries! Maintenance-free lead-acid batteries and alkaline nickel-fu battery three.
b) Capacity selection The battery capacity has a decisive influence on the entire power supply system. If the battery capacity is too small, it will not meet the needs of night lighting; if the capacity is too large, the battery will always be in a lossy state and have a longer battery life. Big impact, but also caused waste. It is recommended that the ratio of the battery capacity (Ah) to the load capacity (Ah) should be controlled at about 3 to 6 times (the area with less continuous rainy days can be controlled at about 3 to 4 times, and more areas at continuous rainy days can be controlled at 5 ~6 times or so).
c) The battery connection battery can be connected in series and in parallel. The series connection can increase the battery supply voltage and capacity, while the parallel connection can increase the storage capacity of the battery. But when connecting in parallel, it is necessary to consider preventing some batteries from losing power, and some are full. The unbalanced effects of electricity and the number of parallel groups should not exceed 4 groups.
2.3, controller design ideas Solar insect lamp operating status is controlled by the controller, the controller for the entire system to achieve intelligent control "The controller in this system should meet the following functions:
a) The light control is based on the characteristics of the solar panel showing different voltages during the day and at night. By detecting the voltage of the solar panel, the parameters are fed back to the controller. The controller controls the work of connecting the switch button between the battery and the load through processing of the parameters. Realizing automatic charging during the day and automatically discharging at night, or storing electricity during the day and using insect traps at night.
b) Battery Management Control the charge and discharge of the battery, limit the charge and discharge conditions, and extend the service life of the battery, including: anti-reverse charge control, anti-overcharge control, anti-overdischarge control.
c) Automatic protection Solar panel reverse protection, reverse battery protection, night protection against reverse charging, output short circuit protection and so on.
This design adopts adjacent U to charge and discharge the management and control. The core chip adopts a universal single-chip chip-89552.
This kind of one-chip computer chip is powerful, especially the advantage in the control is obvious, and the circuit is relatively simple to implement.
2.4 Inverter Design Ideas The role of the inverter circuit is to convert DC power to AC power. The voltage of the DC power supply provided in this design is 12V. The parameters of the AC power supply to be obtained are one-way 220V/5OHz. There are many types of inverter circuits. The inverter designed for this project is a passive inverter with an industrial frequency SOHz and is a low-power inverter. In the design process, we use an easily implemented square-wave inverter. achieve.
2.5, high-voltage circuit design ideas High-voltage circuit is mainly for high-voltage power grid work, attract insects after attracting insects, to use high pressure to kill it, it is necessary to make the battery DC 12V voltage using a special boost circuit to increase its voltage To more than 6000V, while ensuring that the current value should not be too large to ensure safety.
2.6. Power Supply Circuit Design Ideas Whether it is a controller circuit, an inverter circuit, or a high voltage circuit, a power supply for the circuit will be used, but the voltage of the battery is not uniform due to the instability and the required voltage value in the circuit. The power circuit should be set up specifically. In this design, a 5V power supply circuit and a 10V power supply circuit need to be designed based on the power supply requirements in the circuit.

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