The city is bright, the back of the hand is all meat, how is the light rate and light pollution balanced?

A few days ago, the "Measures for the Administration of Urban Lighting in Hangzhou" (draft for comments) was published on the website of the municipal government. It was clearly stated that the setting of urban lighting facilities should comply with the light pollution control standards, and should not affect the normal living of residents, and should be coordinated with the urban space environment.

At the same time, it is also proposed that the lighting rate of functional lighting of urban trunk roads should reach 98%, and the lighting rate of secondary trunk roads and branch roads should reach 96%.

This exposure draft has a clear distinction between areas where functional lighting facilities are installed and areas where landscape lighting facilities are installed.

The so-called functional lighting refers to the lighting for the purpose of protecting people's travel and outdoor activities through artificial light. In urban roads, tunnels and walking trails with a length of more than 15 meters, there are more than 5 public parking lots with parking spaces, and medium-sized and above bridges. Such lighting facilities should be installed in public squares, parks and other places with an area of ​​more than 30 square meters.

The landscape lighting facilities are the lighting for the purpose of decoration and landscaping by artificial light. On the bustling commercial street, characteristic commercial street, urban expressway, high-rise buildings, structures on both sides of the main road, large bridges, elevated roads and other municipal facilities. Must be used.

Outdoor, landscape lighting into a new round of growth

In recent years, the economic transformation has brought about a rapid development of the cultural tourism industry. The government has introduced a series of industrial policies to support the development of cultural tourism.

In this context, local governments have accelerated the construction of urban landscape lighting, and urban outdoor night lighting has gradually expanded from the previous real estate building to urban landscape lighting.

In addition to landscape lighting, road lighting will also become an indispensable part of urban lighting projects. In addition, the need for intelligent outdoor road lighting renovation is also being released.

Beijing Fifth Ring Road streetlights have begun to be intelligent and energy-saving retrofits. The lighting system will also be upgraded from high-pressure sodium lamps to more energy-saving LED lights. The switching time and brightness can be automatically adjusted according to the weather and other actual conditions. The traffic peak period after midnight is only 70% of the street lights are on.

According to the latest implementation of the Beijing 13th Five-Year Green Lighting Project Implementation Plan by the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the city will promote 2 million sets of intelligent LED lighting products within 5 years, Beijing City Sub-center, Winter Olympics venue, new airport, new Shougang's high-end industrial comprehensive service area will become the pilot demonstration area of ​​“smart lighting”.

According to the latest State Council's latest 13th Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan, the next five to ten years will be a crucial period for the global new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation from the momentum to the mass. Industry, construction and transportation will usher in a new round of energy-saving renovation needs.

According to the plan, the government will focus on the implementation of energy-saving key common technology upgrading projects and energy-saving equipment manufacturing projects. Encourage the development of a number of high-efficiency energy-saving equipment (products) such as high-power semiconductor lighting chips and devices and their key components. Organize the implementation of urban, park and enterprise energy-saving demonstration projects, and promote the integration of energy-efficient technology demonstration applications.

In fact, with the increasing maturity of LED technology, pilot projects for LED lighting retrofits have begun to be launched on a large scale across the country. Invisible, it has further expanded the market space for LED outdoor road landscape lighting.

According to the statistics of the High-tech Research Institute LED Research Institute (GGII), it is estimated that the output value of landscape lighting will reach 50 billion yuan in 2016. By 2017, the output value of outdoor LED lighting in China is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan.

Is light pollution a hindrance or an opportunity?

With the rapid growth of outdoor lighting, landscape lighting and the number of displays, light pollution has become one of the obstacles to the continued explosive growth of LED applications.

At the beginning of 2015, Jiaqiang, a citizen of Chengdu, happily moved into a new house on the sixth floor of a residential area on Hongshan North Road, but not long after, the family was not happy.

As the occupancy rate of surrounding communities has increased, more and more shops along the street have opened up. Many merchants have adopted the illuminating font store, and the one is brighter than the one. “It’s too glaring, and I dare not stand on the balcony.”

At first, the height of the 6th floor can also avoid direct lighting from the street shops, and Jia Qiang only needs to pull up the curtains. But a few months ago, a tea house on the outskirts of the community put the LED advertising sign on the top of the building. The big "tea" word was just opposite the Jiaqiang's second bedroom window, and the straight line distance was less than 5 meters. At night, the light shines directly into the bedroom, and even if the curtains are pulled, it is very glaring.

The relevant person in charge of the Advertising Signboard Management Office of Chengdu Urban Management Committee admitted that the number of complaints related to light pollution has risen linearly in the various types of urban management complaints received.

In recent years, relevant law enforcement agencies have also taken special rectification actions against relevant complaints, but the results are not satisfactory. The person in charge analyzed that on the one hand, the merchants violated the rules and regulations to build signs, and repeatedly prohibited, another important reason is that the existing rules and regulations have no clear restrictions on the brightness of advertising signs.

In September 2015, the Regulations on the Administration of Outdoor Advertising and Signboard Establishment in Chengdu, which was amended by the Standing Committee of the Chengdu Municipal People's Congress, came into effect. As a regulation that regulates the planning, setting, and management of outdoor advertising and signboards, the brightness of the shop is only limited by the fuzzy configuration of the night light source.

In October 2016, Shenzhen Urban Management Bureau and the Municipal Planning Land and Resources Commission prepared and published the "Shenzhen Outdoor LED Display Set Special Planning Control Guidelines" (hereinafter referred to as "Guidelines"), the urban outdoor space is divided into prohibited areas, control The setting area and the moderate setting area clearly define whether the different types of areas can and how to set the LED display.

LED display screens have caused problems for people's lives, especially light pollution. The light pollution of the LED display will interfere with the driver's sight, residents' rest, student learning, etc. This problem has existed for many years and has always been a hot spot for citizens to complain.

The "Guidelines" gave space for the development of LED display specifications, and it is also expected to block light pollution that is a headache for the public. For example, the "Guidelines" stipulate that LED displays should be banned in pure residential communities and LED displays should be banned within 100 meters of the windows of residential buildings. In essence, the "Guidelines" solves a problem faced by urban management by cutting the "cake".